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21.
JAMES F. HARWOOD KEHUI CHEN HANS‐GEORG MÜLLER JANE‐LING WANG ROGER I. VARGAS JAMES R. CAREY 《Physiological Entomology》2013,38(1):81-88
The reproductive ability of female tephritids can be limited and prevented by denying access to host plants and restricting the dietary precursors of vitellogenesis. The mechanisms underlying the delayed egg production in each case are initiated by different physiological processes that are anticipated to have dissimilar effects on lifespan and reproductive ability later in life. The egg‐laying abilities of laboratory‐reared females of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedmann) and melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett) from Hawaii are delayed or suppressed by limiting access to host fruits and dietary protein. In each case, this is expected to prevent the loss of lifespan associated with reproduction until protein or hosts are introduced. Two trends are observed in each species: first, access to protein at eclosion leads to a greater probability of survival and a higher reproductive ability than if it is delayed and, second, delayed host access reduces lifetime reproductive ability without improving life expectancy. When host access and protein availability are delayed, the rate of reproductive senescence is reduced in the medfly, whereas the rate of reproductive senescence is generally increased in the melon fly. Overall, delaying reproduction lowers the fitness of females by constraining their fecundity for the remainder of the lifespan without extending the lifespan. © 2013 The Royal Entomological Society 相似文献
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A peptide ranging from residues 229 to 240 (ENESANEGYRFG) of D1 protein was synthesized by stepwise solid-phase method. Resolution enhancement techniques were combined with band curve-fitting procedures to quantitate the FTIR spectra in the amide I' region (1700-1600 cm-1). FTIR analysis showed that DCMU induced drastic structural modification with a relative decrease of the unordered structure and turns, and a substantial increase of α-helix, which indicated that a much more compact structure was formed when DCMU was applied. The results may reflect molecular information for the protective effect of DCMU against photoinhibition. 相似文献
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Cypripediumlichiangense S.C.Chen & P.J.Cribb (Orchidaceae),endemic to China,is an endangered species according to I UCN Red List criteria (IUCN,2001:I UCN Red List Categories and Criteria,Version 相似文献
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Molecular markers have become a fundamental piece of modern biology’s toolkit. In the last decade, new genomic resources from model organisms and advances in DNA sequencing technology have altered the way that these tools are developed, alleviating the marker limitation that researchers previously faced and opening new areas of research for studies of non‐model organisms. This availability of markers is directly responsible for advances in several areas of research, including fine‐scaled estimation of population structure and demography, the inference of species phylogenies, and the examination of detailed selective pressures in non‐model organisms. This review summarizes methods for the development of large numbers of DNA markers in non‐model organisms, the challenges encountered when utilizing different methods, and new research applications resulting from these advances. 相似文献
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Leaf architecture and epidermal characters in Zelkova, Ulmaceae 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
YU-FEI WANG DAVID K. FERGUSON REINHARD ZETTER THOMAS DENK GIUSEPPE GARFI 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,136(3):255-265
Zelkova , with six extant species in Eurasia - three in East Asia (Z. schneideriana, Z. serrata, Z. sinica) , one in south-western Asia (Z. carpinifolia) and two in southern Europe (Z. abelicea, Z. sicula) - was investigated with respect to leaf architecture and epidermal characters by LM and SEM. The leaf venation of Zelkova is relatively uniform, while leaf size and shape are highly variable. Characters such as teeth and epidermal cells, trichomes and stomata provide useful specific distinctions. Beginning in the Miocene, increasing aridity in Central Asia would appear to have been responsible for isolating the eastern Asiatic species from their European/western Asiatic counterparts. The European range underwent further changes in response to Quaternary climatic oscillations. 相似文献
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HAN-QI YANG HONG WANG DE-ZHU LI 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2008,156(3):411-423
The foliage leaf epidermis of 35 species representing 12 key genera of woody bamboos of the Asian tropics was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that papillae forms and distributional patterns around the stomatal apparatus of the abaxial foliage leaf epidermis were usually constant and were of great taxonomic significance at the specific and generic levels. However, papillae characters were not suitable for dividing subtribes within woody bamboos of the Asian tropics. On the basis of papillae characters, Schizostachyum s.s. and Cephalostachyum were confirmed, but their delimitations should be modified. The transfer of Leptocanna chinensis and Schizostachyum sanguineum into Cephalostachyum was supported, and Cephalostachyum virgatum and C . pergracile were confirmed to be members of Schizostachyum s.s. The subtribe Racemobambosinae did not obtain support and Racemobambos appeared to be better placed in subtribe Bambusinae. Neomicrocalamus was supported as a close relative and better treated as a synonym of Racemobambos . Gigantochloa was closely related to Dendrocalamus . © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 156 , 411–423. 相似文献
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沿岸鲸豚类栖息地易受人类活动的干扰,导致其分布和核心栖息地发生变化。珠江口-漠阳江口中华白海豚种群是目前所知全球范围内最大的种群,其中伶仃洋水域是其重要的栖息地。近年来,珠江口伶仃洋周边城市发展带来的人类活动增加,白海豚的生存压力日益增大,分析伶仃洋中华白海豚对栖息地环境变化的响应,研究对应的保护策略显得非常迫切。以多源陆地资源卫星Landsat为数据源,通过影像分析近43年珠江口伶仃洋围填海造成的海域流失,结合近20年来采用截线抽样法收集的海豚观测数据,运用含障碍核插值(Kernel interpolation with barriers)方法,分析白海豚的分布及核心栖息地的变化。结果显示:1986-2015年期间,研究区域内流失的海域面积为344.08km2;目击分布离人工海岸线的平均距离大于自然海岸线的平均距离,目击分布到自然海岸线和人工海岸线的平均距离均在减小,表明过去20年白海豚的栖息地使用选择发生了一些变化,被迫适应人类活动的干扰;1997-2016年白海豚的分布范围呈现先增加后减小,白海豚栖息地使用的重心偏向伶仃洋东部水域,核心栖息地趋向主航道和无人海岛附近水域萎缩,可能是海豚因海域食物资源减少而迫不得已的选择。不同时期,珠江口中华白海豚国家级自然保护区所覆盖的核心栖息地比例呈递减趋势,占比由79.9%下降到49.4%,当前有必要对保护区范围和功能区作出一些优化调整,以适应栖息地使用的变化格局。 相似文献